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The length of time from the start of production and assembly operations for a particular (finished) product to the completion of all manufacturing, assembly, and testing for that product or specific customer order. (Does not include front-end order-entry time or engineering time spent on customized configuration of nonstandard items).
Mixed-model production -
capability to produce a variety of models, that in fact differ in labor and material content, on the same production line; allows for efficient utilization of resources while providing rapid response to marketplace demands.
MRP II
Software-based Manufacturing Resource Planning systems that translate forecasts into master production schedules, maintain bills of material (lists of product components), create work orders for each step in the production routing, track inventory levels, coordinate materials purchases with production requirements, generate "exception" reports identifying expected material shortages or other potential production problems, record shop-floor data, collect data for financial reporting purposes, and other tasks depending on the configuration of the MRP II package.
Muda (waste) -
activities and results to be eliminated; within manufacturing, categories of waste, according to Shigeo Shingo, include: 1. Overproduction - excess production and early production
2. Waiting - waste time spent at the machine; delays
3. Transportation - waste involved in the movement and transportation of units
4. Processing - waste in processing; poor process design
5. Inventory - waste in taking inventory
6. Motion - actions of people or machinery that do not add value to the product
7. Defective units - production of an item that is scrapped or required rework
Mura -
inconsistency , variation
Muri -
unreasonablness , overburden
Nagara -
smooth production flow, ideally one piece at a time, characterized by synchronization [balancing] of production processes and maximum utilization of available time, including overlapping of operations where practical.
Nemawashi -
The Japanese have very different ways of conducting business meeting. Before a formal meeting starts, participants have already drawn conclusions regarding information to be presented at the meeting. This is called nemawashi (prior consultation).
The original meaning of the word is to smooth around roots before planting.
This system was developed to avoid discrepancies, and gain agreement from everyone in advance, when making a decision in formal meeting. It is also to keep the relationship harmonious.
Nemawashi is best used to let people of differing opinions have time to adjust their opinions. When the principles of nemawashi are put into effect first, people have the time to adjust opinions beforehand without wasting time.
The main fear people have of nemawashi is its use in politics. People are worried that decisions are sometimes made behind the scenes, instead of out in the open. It is therefore seen as an undemocratic process.
Ninjutsu -
the art of invisibility (applies to management)
Non-Value-Added -
Activities which are essential tasks that have to be done under present working conditions but don't add value to the product (sometimes referred to as required waste). The desire is to either minimize these activities or introduce process improvements that would eliminate them entirely.
OEE
OEE is a total measure of a total measure of performance that relates the availability of a process to the productivity and quality.
Operation -
An activity or activities performed on a product by a single machine, or operator.
PDCA Cycle (plan, do, check, action) -
an adaptation of the Deming wheel. While the Deming wheel stresses the need for constant interaction among research, design, production, and sales, the PDCA Cycle asserts that every managerial action can be improved by careful application of the sequence: plan, do, check, action (see also SDCA Cycle).
Perfection -
The complete elimination of muda so that all activities along a value stream create value.
Poka Yoke or error proofing (Mistake proofing)
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